Penyebaran keilmuan melalui jaringan ulama Tarekat Naqsabandi di Kepulauan Riau

Tarekat Naqsabandi merupakan tarekat yang memiliki jaringan terluas di dunia Islam dan memberikan pengaruh besar bagi perkembangan dan corak masyarakat Islam di nusantara khususnya di Kepulauan Riau. Pesatnya perkembangan jaringan tarekat ini tidak lepas dari adanya salāsilaḥ sebagai hubungan guru-murid yang membentuk jaringan ulama yang khas. Jaringan ulama ini terkandung keilmuan yang penting bagi hala tuju dan pengajaran tasawuf dan syari'at di Kepulauan Riau. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk membangun kerangka penyebaran keilmuan melalui jaringan ulama tarekat Naqsabandi di Kepulauan Riau. Ada lima masalah pokok dalam kajian ini, iaitu tentang bentuk jaringan, corak jaringan, wujud hubungan guru-murid, penyebaran keilmuan dan kerangka penyebaran. Kajian ini menggunakan reka bentuk pendekatan kualitatif. Data diperoleh melalui temu bual, kajian dokumen dan pemerhatian, dimana kesahan data menggunakan teknik triangulasi. Teknik Analisis data melalui tiga tahap, iaitu pengurangan data, penyajian data dan penarikan kesimpulan. Ada lima dapatan dalam kajian ini, iaitu: pertama, jaringan ulama tarekat naqsabandi terbentuk melalui hubungan keilmuan ulama tarekat Naqsabandi Haramaian, nusantara dan Kepulauan Riau. Kedua, ada tiga corak jaringan tarekat Naqsabandi di Kepulauan Riau iaitu; Khalidi, Muzhari dan Qadiriah Naqsabandi. Ketiga, hubungan keilmuan guru-murid terbentuk melalui pengajaran tarekat di masjid ataupun rumah suluk, dengan kaedah halāqah, talaqqi, hafalan dan bahsul masāil dan menghasilkan hubungan dalam bentuk salāsilaḥ dan ijāzah serta diperkuat dengan pemahaman kewalian dan guru kammil mukammil. Keempat, kandungan keilmuan yang berkembang memiliki ajaran dalam bentuk bai'at, rabitah, tawajjuh, suluk, zikir dan khatam. Kandungan keilmuan ini memiliki kecenderungan sufi baru yang berbentuk telaah hadis, sangat berpahamkan syari'at dan bersifat aktif untuk kemajuan zaman dan pembangunan insan. Kelima, kerangka yang dihasilkan dari penyelidikan ini mampu menjadi rujukan mengenai penyebaran keilmuan melalui jaringan ulama tarekat Naqsabandi di Kepulauan Riau

ANALISIS SEKTOR-SEKTOR EKONOMI DENGAN POTENSI UNGGULAN DI KABUPATEN/KOTA SE-PROVINSI JAWA TENGAH TAHUN 2000 – 2004

Potential economic resources in the Central Java Province provide interesting features for analysis, especially agricultural sectors, where many regencies have relied on since 2000, but declined in 2004. Based on the State Location Quotient (LQ), this study finds the change in some leading economic sectors from 2002 to 2004 in those regencies and cities as well. The tendency of the change has an implication in the growth of the role in every single sector, relatively among the regions (regencies and cities). On the other hand, the Dynamic Location Quotient (ΔLQ) shows LQ variation across regions and some coincidence in decrease. If the decrease continuously occurs in important sectors of the regions with lower and negative LQ growth, there will also be adverse economic implications. In contrast, regions with higher and positive LQ growth will improve their potential economic resources

PENILAIAN KINERJA KARYAWAN (MIDDLE MANAGEMENT) HOTEL XYZ DENGAN METODE 360 DEGREE FEEDBACK

Penilaian kinerja karyawan (performance appraisal) merupakan hal yang sangat penting untuk mengetahui proses hasil penilaian kerja karyawan di suatu perusahaan baik individu atau kelompok khususnya karyawan internal pada level struktur middle manajemen yaitu head manager. Karyawan level middle manajemen memiliki peran yang sangat penting karena merupakan penghubung antara level atas dan bawah. Hotel XYZ merupakan hotel bintang tiga yang berada di jalan Gajahmada Kota Pontianak yang bersaing dengan hotel besar lainnya sehingga perlu mengembangkan upaya segi manajemen dan strategi salah satunya adalah dengan melakukan penilaian kinerja karyawan. Berdasarkan hasil observasi dan interview, saat ini hotel XYZ masih menerapkan penilaian kinerja karyawan dengan cara lama yaitu atasan yang secara langsung melakukan penilaian terhadap kinerja karyawan (atasan ke bawahan). Hal ini belum efektif jika hanya melakukan penilaian hanya dari satu sudut pandang.  Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui feedback kinerja karyawan yang di lakukan dengan metode 360 degree feedback atau umpan balik 360 derajat, melibatkan penilai atasan (top), bawahan (bottom), rekan kerja (coworker) dan diri sendiri (self) berdasarkan kuesioner, uji validitas dan reliabilitas serta perhitungan analisa kesenjangan (Gap) umpan balik dari variabel knowladge, skills dan behaviour (job competency) kinerja karyawan.Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa analisa gap penilaian kepala manajer departemen maintenance hotel XYZ dengan total nilai feedback paling besar yaitu, rekan kerja-diri sendiri (-2,351). Nilai gap positif atasan-diri sendiri di variabel behaviour (0,204) dan bawahan-diri sendiri (0,031). Kepala manajer house keeping atasan-diri sendiri (0,404). Nilai gap positif atasan-diri sendiri (1,00) di variabel knowladge, bawahan-diri sendiri (0,183) varibel knowladge. Kepala manajer departemen food and beverage dengan total nilai feedback yang paling besar (-2,05). Nilai gap positif yaitu, atasan-diri sendiri (0,009) variabel skills, atasan-diri sendiri (0,42) variabel knowladge dan rekan kerja-diri sendiri nilai feedback gap (0,4) varibel knowladge. Maka perlu adanya perbaikan kinerja karyawan terlebih pada varibel gap yang memiliki nilai positif

Effect of enzyme loading and time on production of sugar from tapioca starch using enzymatic hydrolysis : a statistical approach

Two-step enzymatic hydrolysis of tapioca starch by commercially available α-amylase and glucoamylase was carried out in this study. Effects of enzyme loading and hydrolysis time for liquefaction and saccharification process of enzymatic hydrolysis on production of sugar from tapioca starch were investigated. A statistical approach was employed to study the effect of selected parameters where two level factorial design was applied for the experimental design. From the result, it is shown that the highest glucose concentration achieved was 277.80g/L. From the analysis of variance (ANOVA), it is found that the liquefaction time and the interaction effect between α-amylase loading and saccharification time show significant effects on the enzymatic hydrolysis. The optimum conditions suggested by the design of experiment were: 80μL α-amylase loading, 5.75mg glucoamylase loading 5.75mg, liquefaction time 1 hour and saccharification time 4 hours. From this condition, an amount of high glucose concentration was estimated.-Author

Real-time system event monitoring display via Liquid Cristal Display (LCD) / Ahmad Safwan Abdul Aziz

This research is about the development of system event monitoring and their information will be displayed on Liquid Cristal Display (LCD). Monitoring of computing systems in an organization is required to ensure proper functioning of system services by detecting inconsistencies in system configuration. Monitoring the system also will enable system administrator to predict and prevent problems that might make the system or its peripherals unavailable to users. This project mainly focuses on developing a prototype that can display system monitoring information on LCD display in a real time environment. The LCD panel is connected to the computer via parallel port. The function of LCD panel is to display the information that can be gathered by using software that have been develop called ‘LCD Panel Utilities’ to communicate with the LCD. The application has been developed by using Pascal programming language. The development process follows the six phases in systematic design are preliminary study, gathering and analyzing requirements, LCD front panel design, software design and coding, testing and maintenance. At the end of the development, the prototype of the application is come out and readily to be tested. For future researcher, some extra features can be added at an application. Some features such as the local system information can be added into the application. Future researcher also can make this application at another platform operating system such as Linux and MacOs. The LCD application on this project is working on local computer only, so that hope that the future researcher can make it as a server client application where the real time information of client computer can be gathered by remotely. In this project, we only use 2x16 LCD size, for future researcher, they can use bigger LCD size for displaying purposes

Design of flying mechanism of a Micromechanical Flying Insects (MFI) / Ahmad Akmal Abdul Aziz

Micromechanical flying insects (MFI) is a miniature aerial unmanned vehicle (UAV) composed of body, wings and control system to operate the mechanism. Studies have been developed since 1998 in the University of California, Berkeley, USA to produce biomimetic robotic insects. Interpreting these prior studies has lead to a new design idea that will improve the mass, size and linkages system. This study focuses on the flying mechanism component of the MFI and also to select the most suitable design before producing the prototype. Three different designs with different mechanisms were proposed. Morphological chart analysis is used to determine the best mechanism based on few parameters. Mass, size, material and linkages are the substantially important consideration for the design. Solidworks software is used to analyze these designs. Mechanism 3 is chosen as the best design for the study with a total wingspan of 25.62 cm. Mass of the mechanism is 0.062 kg and the material used for the prototype is ABS. Two types of different size of binary links were chosen as the linkages system. Consideration on manufacturing the prototype also has taken to make sure dimension for each parts of the mechanism is capable to fabricate

Perspektif Sosiologi Agama†(Kerukunan Antar Umat Beragama Dalam Peringatan Hari Besar Keagamaan (PHBA)

Kehidupan keagamaan dalam suatu masyarakat merupakan suatu kehidupan penting yang mengandung aktivitas-aktivitas baik hubungan antar umat manusia, individual atau kelompok, maupun hubungan manusia dengan Tuhannya. Dari latar belakang diatas maka focus masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah: Bagaimana bentuk-bentuk kerukunan yang dilakukan oleh masyarakat Dusun Sumbermanggis sehingga terjadi kerukunan antar umat beragama dalam peringatan hari besar keagamaan. Dalam menjawab permasalahan tersebut peneliti menggunakan pendekatan penelitian kualitatif dengan alat pengumpulan data yaitu: wawancara, observasi partisipan dan dokumenter, serta data yang sudah dikumpulkan dikoreksi dengan menggunakan analisis data trianggulasi. Dari hasil penelitian ini diketahui bahwa bentuk-bentuk kerukunan antar umat beragama dalam peringatan hari besar keagamaan di Dusun Sumbermanggis meliputi saling berkunjung atau silaturrohim (Komunikasi), dan saling menghormati atau menghargai (Interaksi) terhadap pemeluk agama yang lainnya. Dengan diwujudkan, Interaksi dengan adanya saling menghargai serta menghormati ketika salah satu agama ada yang memperingati hari besar keagamaan, dan Hubungan komunikasi yang diwujudkan dengan salingsilaturrohim serta saling sambaing kerumah warga yang berbeda agama yang sedang melaksanakan hari besar keagamaan

Data Reconciliation and Fouling Analysis in Heat Exchanger Network

In refinery, crude preheat train is use to preheat the crude oil with various product and pump around stream from downstream atmospheric until it reaches an optimum temperature for furnace heating. The variables such as temperature and flow rates is measured regularly and used to optimize the energy recovery in the train. However, since all measurement subject to certain error, any optimization exercised will not be accurate. In other to minimize the error, the measured variables are reconciled using data reconciliation technique. Data reconciliation is a mathematical approach which allows some adjustment on the measurement data in Heat Exchanger Network (HEN) to be made by eliminating measurement errors and obtain reconciled estimates of all stream flows, enthalpy and temperatures. This is to ensure that the measurement data satisfy the steady-state mass and energy balances of the crude preheat train. In HEN, Steady-State Data Reconciliation technique is implement. A set of mathematical models are generated in the form of matrices and used to treat the raw measurement data around crude preheat train so that more reliable measurement data are produced. The project started by extracting the data from the Piping and Instrumentation Diagram (P&ID) of the refinery. Then, the properties estimation of the data was done using Petrosim. After that, the Steady-State Data Reconciliation Model is developed in terms of matrices and solved by Matlab software. The results obtained consist of a vector of new adjusted raw data measurement or known as reconciled values. Analysis of the results show that the reconciled enthalpy did satisfied energy balances. However, the recalculated temperatures show huge adjustment compared to measured temperature, up to 12 oC adjustment (Stream 37). The data obtain is then used in fouling analysis of heat exchanger network. Fouling is an unwanted deposit on heat transfer equipment results in reduced efficiency of heat recovery. Fouling model is developed using the data from heat exchanger specification sheet supplied by the refinery. The model will predict the fouling resistance of heat exchanger at a time. Using the reconciled temperature, the fouling profile a long time for each heat exchanger is developed and the performance of hea

The extraction of fish oil from eel by using microwave extractor

The eel is rich in calcium and iron as well as vitamin B and D, also believed by many people to be cure for kidney disease, asthma, heart palpitations and impotency as well as hastening healing of surgical wounds. In this research, fish oil was extracted from eel (Monopterus albus) by using microwave extractor. Effects of different solvent volume, different temperature and different extraction time on extraction yields were investigated. Then the extracted fish oil was analyzed by using 785 DMP Titrino and Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometer (GCMS). The solvent volumes used were 25, 50, 75 and 100ml. The microwave temperatures used are 110, 130, 150 and 170°C while the extraction times that were set are 8, 12, 16 and 20 minutes. From the results obtained, the best operating condition to extract the fish oil from eel is at the solvent volume of 75ml for 10g of eel, microwave temperature of 110°C and 20 minutes of extraction time. The highest extraction yield obtained from the quantitative analysis was 11.25%. The quality of the extracted fish oil was highest at 75ml of solvent volume, microwave temperature of 110°C with the extraction time in the range of 16 to 20 minutes. At this operating condition, the lowest value obtained for FFA is 0.36% with acid value of 0.20mg KOH/1g. From the qualitative analysis by using GCMS, results show that the FAME’s that were mostly detected in the fish oil are palmitic acid, linoleic acid, oleic acid and also stearic acid. As a conclusion, the objective of this study which is to extract the fish oil from eel by using microwave extraction method is achieved. Besides that, the effects of different solvent volumes, microwave temperatures and extraction times on extraction yields were also determined

Recent Advances in Biofuel Cell and Emerging Hybrid System

The present paper reviews the recent development of biofuel cell. Due to its renewable nature and milder operating conditions compared to conventional fuel cell, the electrochemical system has been extensively studied. However, major problems associated with this type of electrochemical system remain an intimidating challenge, the utmost being the low power output and stability of biocatalyst being used. Various attempts have been made to overcome these problems, some are reviewed here. The authors suggest a new direction in solving these problems by using hybrid system i.e. metal biofuel cell. The new hybrid system developed is of lower cost, less complex, higher OCV and greater power output